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Product Name:
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B 956
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Manufacturer:
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BEI Resources
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Taxonomy:
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Virus Classification: Flaviviridae, Flavivirus
Agent: West Nile Virus (WNV)
Type Strain/Isolate: B 956
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Additional Information:
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B 956 was the first strain of WNV that was isolated and is recognized as the prototype strain of lineage II.4 WNV is an arthropod-borne virus which circulates in natural transmission cycles between primarily mosquitoes (Culex species) and birds, with humans as incidental hosts.5 The virus is indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe, and has recently caused large epidemics in Romania, Russia and Israel. WNV was recently introduced to North America, where it was first detected in 1999 during an epidemic of meningoencephalitis in New York City.6 Most human WNV infections are asymptomatic but clinical infections can range in severity from uncomplicated West Nile fever to fatal meningoencephalitis; the incidence of severe neuroinvasive disease and death increase with age.7,8 There is no established WNV-specific treatment or licensed vaccine for humans currently available.9 Prevention depends on organized, sustained vector mosquito control and public education.8
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Material Provided:
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Each vial contains approximately 1 mL of cell lysate and supernatant from Chlorocebus aethiops kidney epithelial cells (Vero; ATCC® CCL-81™) infected with WNV, B 956.
Note: If homogeneity is required for your intended use, please purify prior to initiating work.
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Packing/Storage:
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NR-72 was packaged aseptically in cryovials. The product is provided frozen and should be stored at -60°C or colder immediately upon arrival. For long-term storage, the vapor phase of a liquid nitrogen freezer is recommended. Freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided.
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Growth Conditions:
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Host: Chlorocebus aethiops kidney epithelial cells (Vero; ATCC® CCL-81™)
Growth Medium: Minimum Essential Medium supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, and 2% irradiated fetal bovine serum
Infection: Cells should be 80 to 90% confluent
Incubation: 4 to 8 days at 37°C and 5% CO2
Cytopathic Effect: Cell rounding and sloughing
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Disclaimers:
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You are authorized to use this product for research use only. It is not intended for human use. Use of this product is subject to the terms and conditions of the BEI Resources Material Transfer Agreement (MTA). The MTA is available on our Web site at www.beiresources.org. While BEI Resources uses reasonable efforts to include accurate and up-to-date information on this product sheet, neither ATCC® nor the U.S. Government makes any warranties or representations as to its accuracy. Citations from scientific literature and patents are provided for informational purposes only. Neither ATCC® nor the U.S. Government warrants that such information has been confirmed to be accurate. This product is sent with the condition that you are responsible for its safe storage, handling, use and disposal. ATCC® and the U.S. Government are not liable for any damages or injuries arising from receipt and/ or use of this product. While reasonable effort is made to ensure authenticity and reliability of materials on deposit, the U.S. Government, ATCC®, their suppliers and contributors to BEI Resources are not liable for damages arising from the misidentification or misrepresentation of products. |
References:
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1. Smithburn, K. C., et al. “A Neurotropic Virus Isolated from the Blood of a Native of Uganda.” Amer. J. Trop. Med. 20 (1940): 471.
2. Castle, E., et al. “Primary Structure of the West Nile Flavivirus Genome Region Coding for All Nonstructural Proteins.” Virology 149 (1986): 10-26. PubMed: 3753811.
3. Yamshchikov, V. F., et al. “An Infectious Clone of the West Nile Flavivirus.” Virology 281 (2001): 294-304. PubMed: 11277701.
4. Botha, E. M., et al. “Genetic Determinants of Virulence in Pathogenic Lineage 2 West Nile Virus Strains.” Emerg. Infect. Dis. 14 (2008): 222-230. PubMed: 18258114.
5. Granwehr, B. P., et al. “West Nile Virus: Where Are We Now?” Lancet Infect. Dis. 4 (2004): 547-556. PubMed: 15336221.
6. Lanciotti, R. S., et al. “Origin of the West Nile Virus Responsible for an Outbreak of Encephalitis in the Northeastern United States.” Science 286 (1999): 2333- 2337. PubMed: 10600742.
7. Solomon, T., et al. “West Nile Encephalitis.” BMJ 326 (2003): 865-869. PubMed: 12702624.
8. Campbell, G. L., et al. “West Nile Virus.” Lancet Infect. Dis. 2 (2002): 519-529. PubMed: 12206968.
9. Monath, T. P., et al. “A Live, Attenuated Recombinant West Nile Virus Vaccine.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 (2006): 6694-6699. PubMed: 16617103.
10. Samuel, M. A. and M. S. Diamond. “Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Infection: A Balance between Virulence, Innate and Adaptive Immunity, and Viral Evasion.” J. Virol. 80 (2006): 9349-9360. PubMed: 16973541.
11. Hayes, E. B., et al. “Virology, Pathology, and Clinical Manifestations of West Nile Virus Disease.” Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11 (2005): 1174-1179. PubMed: 16102303.
12. Lanciotti, R. S., et al. “Complete Genome Sequences and Phylogenetic Analysis of West Nile Virus Strains Isolated from the United States, Europe, and the Middle East.” Virology 298 (2002): 96-105. PubMed: 12093177.
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Citation:
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Acknowledgment for publications should read "The following reagent was obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH: West Nile Virus, B 956, NR-72."
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Biosafety Level:
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2
Appropriate safety procedures should always be used with this material. Laboratory safety is discussed in the following publication: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL). Current Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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