| |
|
Product Name:
|
WB, Clone 6 (axenic)
|
|
Manufacturer:
|
BEI Resources
|
|
Taxonomy:
|
Protozoa Classification: Hexamitidae, Giardiinae, Giardia
Species: Giardia lamblia (also referred to as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis)1
Strain: WB, clone 6
|
|
Additional Information:
|
G. lamblia is a pear-shaped, flagellated protozoan that causes a wide variety of gastrointestinal complaints and is one of the most common causes of parasite infection in humans worldwide, and the second most common in the United States. The disease is commonly water-borne because Giardia cysts are resistant to the chlorine levels in normal tap water and survive well in cold mountain streams. Food-borne transmission is rare but can occur with the ingestion of raw or undercooked foods. Giardiasis is a zoonosis, and cross-infectivity among beaver, cattle, dogs, rodents and bighorn sheep provides a constant reservoir.8 The life cycle of Giardia consists of two stages: the fecal-orally transmitted cyst and the disease-causing trophozoite. Cysts are passed in a host’s feces, remaining viable in a moist environment for months. Ingestion of 10 to 25 cysts can cause infection in humans.9
Derived from ATCC® 50803™
|
|
Material Provided:
|
Each vial of NR-9706 contains approximately 0.5 mL of cells in cryopreservative [12% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)]. Please refer to the appendix for cryopreservation instructions.
|
|
Packing/Storage:
|
NR-9706 was packaged aseptically in cryovials and is provided frozen on dry ice. The product should be stored at -130°C or colder, preferably in the vapor phase of a liquid nitrogen freezer. If liquid nitrogen storage facilities are not available, frozen cryovials may be stored at -70°C or colder for approximately one week.
Note: Do not under any circumstances store vials at temperatures warmer than -70°C. Storage under these conditions will result in the death of the culture.
To ensure the highest level of viability, the culture should be initiated immediately upon receipt. Any warming of the product during shipping and transfer must be avoided, as this will adversely affect the viability of the product. For transfer between freezers and for shipping, the product may be placed on dry ice for brief periods, although use of a portable liquid nitrogen carrier is preferred. Please read the following recommendations prior to using this material.
|
|
Growth Conditions:
|
Growth Medium:
Keister’s Modified Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Iron-Serum (TYI S-33) medium supplemented with Diamond’s Vitamin solution and 10% heat-inactivated adult bovine serum or equivalent (Appendix)
Incubation:
Temperature: 35°C
Atmosphere: Microaerophilic
Propagation:
1. To establish a culture from the frozen state, place a vial in a 35°C water bath for 2 to 3 minutes, until thawed. Immerse the vial just enough to cover the frozen material. Do not agitate the vial.
2. Immediately after thawing, transfer the vial contents to a 16 × 125 mm screw-capped borosilicate glass test tube containing 13 mL of growth medium.
3. Screw the cap on tightly and incubate at a 15° horizontal slant at 35°C. Observe the culture daily and subculture when peak density is observed.
Maintenance:
1. When the culture is at or near peak density, ice the culture for 10 minutes.
2. Gently invert the tube 10 times and aseptically transfer a 0.1 mL to 0.4 mL aliquot to screw-capped test tubes containing 13 mL of freshly prepared growth media.
3. Incubate at a 15° horizontal slant at 35°C.
4. Transfer the culture every 3 to 4 days as described in Maintenance steps 1 and 2. The transfer interval will depend on the size of the inoculum and the quality of the medium. This should be determined empirically by examining the culture on a daily basis until conditions for stable growth have been achieved. Do not allow the culture to overgrow. Viability of the culture may be affected soon after reaching peak density.
Please refer to the appendix for cryopreservation instructions.
|
|
Disclaimers:
|
You are authorized to use this product for research use only. It is not intended for human use. Use of this product is subject to the terms and conditions of the BEI Resources Material Transfer Agreement (MTA). The MTA is available on our Web site at www.beiresources.org. While BEI Resources uses reasonable efforts to include accurate and up-to-date information on this product sheet, neither ATCC® nor the U.S. Government makes any warranties or representations as to its accuracy. Citations from scientific literature and patents are provided for informational purposes only. Neither ATCC® nor the U.S. Government warrants that such information has been confirmed to be accurate. This product is sent with the condition that you are responsible for its safe storage, handling, use and disposal. ATCC® and the U.S. Government are not liable for any damages or injuries arising from receipt and/ or use of this product. While reasonable effort is made to ensure authenticity and reliability of materials on deposit, the U.S. Government, ATCC®, their suppliers and contributors to BEI Resources are not liable for damages arising from the misidentification or misrepresentation of products. |
References:
|
1. Adam, R. D. “Biology of Giardia lamblia.” Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14 (2001): 447-475. PubMed: 11432808.
2. Smith, P. D., et al. “Antigenic Analysis of Giardia lamblia from Afghanistan, Puerto Rico, Ecuador and Oregon.” Infect. Immun. 36 (1982): 714-719. PubMed: 7085076.
3. Smith, P. D., et al. “Chronic Giardiasis: Studies on Drug Sensitivity, Toxin Production, and Host Immune Response.” Gastroenterology 83 (1982): 797-803. PubMed: 7106510.
4. Gillin, F. D., et al. “Isolation and Expression of the Gene for a Major Surface Protein of Giardia lamblia.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87 (1990): 4463-4467. PubMed: 2352929.
5. Meng, T. C., M. L. Hetsko and F. D. Gillin. “Antigenic Switching of TSA 417, a Trophozoite Variable Surface Protein, following Completion of the Life Cycle of Giardia lamblia.” Infect. Immun. 61 (1993): 5394-5397. PubMed: 8225614.
6. Morrison, H. G., et al. “Genomic Minimalism in the Early Diverging Intestinal Parasite Giardia lamblia.” Science 317 (2007): 1921-1926. PubMed: 17901334.
7. McArthur, A. G., et al. “The Giardia Genome Project Database.” FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 189 (2000): 271-273. PubMed: 10930750.
8. Wallis, P. M., et al. “Reservoirs of Giardia spp. in Southwestern Alberta.” J. Wildl. Dis. 20 (1984): 279-283. PubMed: 6397598.
9. Kucik, C. J., G. L. Martin and B. V. Sorter. “Common Intestinal Parasites.” Am. Fam. Physician 69 (2004): 1161-1168. PubMed: 15023017.
|
|
Citation:
|
Acknowledgment for publications should read "The following reagent was obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH: Giardia lamblia, Strain WB, Clone 6 (axenic), NR-9706."
|
|
Biosafety Level:
|
2
Appropriate safety procedures should always be used with this material. Laboratory safety is discussed in the following publication: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL). Current Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
|